Proteomic research on new urinary biomarkers of renal disease in canine leishmaniosis: Survival and monitoring response to treatment.

The objective of our study was to search for survival biomarkers (SB) and treatment response monitoring biomarkers (TRMB) in the urinary proteome of dogs with renal disease secondary to canine leishmaniosis (CanL), using UHPLC-MS/MS. The proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042578. Initially, a group of 12 dogs was evaluated and divided into survivors (SG; n = 6) and nonsurvivors (NSG; n = 6). A total of 972 proteins were obtained from the evaluated samples. Then, bioinformatic analysis reduced them to 6 proteins like potential SB increased in the NSG, specifically, Haemoglobin subunit Alpha 1, Complement Factor I, Complement C5, Fibrinogen beta chain (fragment), Peptidase S1 domain-containing protein, and Fibrinogen gamma chain. Afterwards, SG was used to search for TRMB, studying their urine at 0, 30, and 90 days, and 9 proteins that decreased after treatment were obtained: Apolipoprotein E, Cathepsin B, Cystatin B, Cystatin-C-like, Lysozyme, Monocyte differentiation CD14, Pancreatitis-associated precursor protein, Profilin, and Protein FAM3C. Finally, enrichment analysis provided information about the biological mechanisms in which these proteins are involved. In conclusion, this study provides 15 new candidate urinary biomarkers and an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney disease in CanL.

Urinary proteome of dogs with renal disease secondary to leishmaniosis.

Canine leishmaniosis is frequently associated with the development of renal disease. Its pathogenesis is complex and not fully understood. For this reason, this study aimed to describe the urinary proteome, and identify possible new biomarkers in dogs with kidney disease secondary to leishmaniosis. Urine samples were collected from 20 dogs, 5 from healthy dogs, and 15 from stages Leishvet III and IV. Urine samples were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029165. A total of 951 proteins were obtained. After bioinformatic analysis, 93 urinary proteins were altered in the study group. Enrichment analysis performed on these proteins showed an overrepresentation of the complement activation pathway, among others. Finally, 12 discriminant variables were found in dogs with renal disease secondary to leishmaniosis, highlighting C4a anaphylatoxin, apolipoprotein A-I, haptoglobin, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, and beta-2-microglobulin. This study is the first to describe the urinary proteomics of dogs with renal disease caused by leishmaniosis, and it provides new possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of this disease.

A plasma calcium-phosphorus product can be used to predict the lifespan of dogs with chronic kidney disease.

A serum calcium-phosphorus (sCaPP) product was assessed for prediction of survival in dogs affected with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dogs (N = 150) were retrospectively studied and followed up to determine their lifespan using 25 healthy dogs as controls. Blood and urine analyses were performed and blood pressure was measured. The dogs were divided into groups according to sCaPP (higher or lower than 70 mg2/dL2) and International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage (IRIS 1-4). Shorter survival was observed with sCaPP > 70 mg2/dL2 compared to dogs with sCaPP < 70 mg2/dL2 [45.48 days (range: 5.8 to 149 days) versus 505.40 days (range: 113.31 to 539.52 days), mean (95% confidence interval); P ≤ 0.001 respectively]. Similarly, dogs with advanced IRIS stages showed higher levels of sCaPP [mean (95% confidence interval) in mg2/dL2; IRIS 1: 42.83 (range: 29.58 to 62.10); IRIS 2: 63.18 (range: 46.34 to 90.09); IRIS 3: 95.57 (range: 88.34 to 127.19); IRIS 4: 130.38 (range: 125.16 to 153.52)], accompanied by lower survival rates. Therefore, sCaPP could represent a valuable tool in the prognosis of canine CKD.

Un produit plasmatique calcium-phosphore peut être utilisé pour prédire la durée de vie de chiens avec une maladie rénale chronique. Un produit sérique calcium-phosphore (sCaPP) fut évalué pour prédire la survie de chiens souffrant de maladie rénale chronique (CKD). Des chiens (N = 150) furent étudiés rétrospectivement et suivis pour déterminer leur survie en utilisant 25 chiens en santé comme témoins. Des analyses urinaires et sanguines furent effectuées et la pression sanguine fut mesurée. Les chiens furent divisés en groupes en fonction de leur sCaPP (plus élevé ou plus faible que 70 mg2/dL2) et de leurs stages selon l'International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) (IRIS 1­4). Un temps de survie plus court fut observé avec une sCaPP > 70 mg2/dL2 comparativement aux chiens avec une sCaPP < 70 mg2/dL2 [45,48 jours (varie de 5,8 à 149 jours) versus 505,40 jours (varie de 113,31 à 539,52 jours), moyenne (intervalle de confiance 95 %); P ≤ 0,001 respectivement]. De manière similaire, les chiens avec un stages IRIS avancé avaient des niveaux de sCaPP plus élevés [moyenne (intervalle de confiance 95 %) en mg2/dL2; IRIS 1 : 42,83 (varie de 29,58 à 62,10); IRIS 2 : 63,18 (varie de 46,34 à 90,09); IRIS 3 : 95,57 (varie de 88,34 à 127,19); IRIS 4 : 130,38 (varie de 125,16 à 153,52], accompagnés de taux de survie plus bas. Ainsi, la valeur de sCaPP pourrait représenter un outil utile dans le pronostic des maladies rénales chroniques chez le chien.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

Effect of exercise on serum markers of muscle inflammation in Spanish Greyhounds.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of exercise on hematologic and biochemical values (especially markers of inflammation and muscle damage) in Spanish Greyhounds used for hunting without previous training. ANIMALS: 32 Spanish Greyhounds and 31 dogs of other breeds. PROCEDURES: Hematologic variables and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other biochemical markers were compared in samples obtained from Spanish Greyhounds 24 hours after exercise (eg, a hunting race) and 2 months after exercise (ie, at rest) and from non-Spanish Greyhounds at rest. All dogs were healthy. Hematologic and biochemical analyses were performed within 24 hours after samples were obtained, and results were compared by means of a Student t test. RESULTS: CRP concentration and muscle enzyme (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase) activities were significantly higher and serum iron concentration was significantly lower for Spanish Greyhounds after exercise than at rest. The WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher after exercise then at rest. Plasma alanine transaminase activity and total protein, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were significantly higher after exercise than at rest. Spanish Greyhounds at rest had higher RBC counts, PCVs, and hemoglobin concentrations and lower WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, compared with values for non-Spanish Greyhounds at rest. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Exercise of Spanish Greyhounds without prior training activated an acute-phase response represented by an increase in serum CRP concentration and decrease in serum albumin and iron concentrations. These changes, along with leukocytosis and neutrophilia, were indicative of a subclinical inflammatory state in Spanish Greyhounds.

Assessing Circle of Willis blood circulation in dogs with transcranial color-coded duplex sonography.

Insonation of Circle of Willis by transcranial Doppler duplex color sonography is described in 30 healthy dogs with 15 weighing < 33 lb and 15 weighing >33 lb. Imaging was via a temporal window to explore the rostral, middle, and caudal cerebral arteries on both the left and right-hand sides; and through an suboccipital window to study the basilar artery. Normal mean values of the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity, mean velocity, resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were characterized and compared with those obtained in previous studies. There was significant differences in the PSV, RI, and PI in the rostral cerebral artery between dogs weighing < 33 vs. > 33 lb. Mean PSV was higher in weighing over 33 lb, whereas the mean resistive index and mean PI were lower in these dogs.